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Summary

Lu Liu, Paul Dutheil, Eya Abed — npj Materials Sustainability · Abstract The decommissioning of nuclear facilities generates metallic waste containing difficult-to-measure radionuclides (DTMs), whose accurate quantification requires destructive analyses to support effective waste management. This review highlights recent advances in dissolution, radiochemical separation, and high-sensitivity detection for activation products, long-lived fission products, and exotic DTMs. Remaining challenges include sampling, matrix effects, and the lack of reference materials, highlighting the need for methodological standardization and regulatory harmonization.